Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Photoperiodism – The Influence of the Length of Light and Dark Periods Upon the Growth of Plants

Shazia Akhtar

Abstract


Light is so obviously important for the well–being of most living things that, as might be expected, there is a wealth of literature describing the results of careful studies of the effect on plants of sunlight and of artificial light, of light of difference colors and of different intensities. The plants in order to flower require a certain day length i.e., the relative length of day and night which is called as photoperiod. The response of plants to the photoperiod expressed in the form of flowering is called as photoperiodism. The knowledge of the phenomenon of photoperiodism has been of great practical importance in developmental growth of plants.

Keywords: critical day length, long day plants, photoperiodism, responses, short day plants

Full Text:

PDF

References


P.W. Brian, H.G. Hemming, M. Radley. Physiol Plant. 1955; 8: 899p.

H. Curtis, N. Sue Barnes. Invitation to Biology. 5th Edn. New York: Worth Publishers; 1994.

J.D. Mauseth. Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology. 3rd Edn., Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning; 2003, 422–27p. ISBN 0-7637-2134-4.

W.W. Garner, H.A. Allard. Effect of relative length of day and night and other factors of the environment on growth and reproduction in plants, J. Agric Res. 1924; xviii(11): 553p.

J.J. Casal. Light perception and signalling by phytochrome A, J Exp Bot. 204; 65(11): 2835–45p.

C. Lin. Photoreceptors and regulation of flowering time, Plant Physiol. 2000; 123: 39–50p.

C. Lin. The cryptochromes, BioMed Central: Genome Biol. 2005; 6: 220p.

T. Mockler. Regulation of photoperiodic flowering by Arabidopsis photoreceptors, Proc Nat Acad Sci USA. 2003; 100(4): 2140–5p.

B. Capon. Botany for Gardeners. 2nd Edn. Portland, OR: Timber Publishing; 2005, 148–51p. ISBN 0-88192-655-8.

K.C. Hamner, J. Bonner. Photoperiodism in relation to hormones as factors in floral initiation and development, Bot Gazette. 1938; 100(2): 388–431p. JSTOR 2471641. doi:10.1086/334793.

K.C. Hamner. Interrelation of light and darkness in photoperiodic induction, Bot Gazette. 1940; 101(3): 658–87p. JSTOR 2472399. doi:10.1086/334903.

T. Lincoln, Z. Eduardo, M. Ian, M. Angus. Plant Physiology and Development. 6th Edn., Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc.; 2015. ISBN 978-1-60535-353-1.

F. Andrés, D.W. Galbraith, M. Talón, C. Domingo. Analysis of photoperiod sensitivity sheds light on the role of phytochromes in photoperiodic flowering in rice, Plant Physiol. 2009; 151(2): 681–90p. doi:10.1104/pp.109.139097.

C. Starr, R. Taggart, C. Evers, L. Starr. Plant Structure and Function. 13th Edn., Brooks/Cole; 2013. p. 517. ISBN 978-1-111-58068-1.

T. Gooley. The Natural Navigator. Random House. ISBN 978-0-7535-2311-7.

BSCS Biology. 9 Edn. BSCS. p. 519. ISBN 978-0-7872-9008-5.

H.G. Jones. Plants and Microclimate: A Quantitative Approach to Environmental Plant Physiology. Cambridge University Press; 1992, 225p. ISBN 978-0-521-42524-7.

L.C. Purcell, M. Salmeron, L. Ashlock. Arkansas Soybean Production Handbook, MP197. Little Rock, AR: University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service; 2014, 5–7p. Retrieved 21 February 2016.

P. Meneely. Genetic Analysis: Genes, Genomes, and Networks in Eukaryotes. 2 Edn., Oxford University Press; 2014, 373p. ISBN 978-0-19-968126-6.

R.J. Nelson. An Introduction to Behavioral Endocrinology. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates; 2005, 189p.

R. Foster, R. Williams. "Extra-retinal photo receptors (Interview), Science Show. ABC Radio National, 2009. Retrieved 2010-05-28.

P.H. Raven, F.E. Ray, S.E. Eichhorn. Biology of Plants. 6th Edn. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company; 1999.

F.B. Salisbury, R. Cleon. Plant Physiology. 4th Edn., Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Inc.; 1992.

T. Lincoln, E. Zeiger. Plant Physiology. 2nd Edn. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates; 1998.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.