Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

DEGRADATION STUDIES OF METHYLENE BLUE ON THE SURFACE OF ZINC OXIDE COMPOSITE OF CELLULOSE

S. K. Degni, U. B Eke, T. O. Amusan, T. A. Abubakar

Abstract


Cheap and easily accessible materials were used to synthesize an efficient and stable photocatalyst which mineralized one of the most common organic dye pollutants methylene blue into an innocuous products. Cellulose was isolated from an agricultural residue sugarcane bagasse which was used as the starting material. Cellulosemetal oxide composite of ZnO was prepared and photocatalytic degradation studies of methylene blue was carried out using cellulose, zinc oxide and ZnOcellulose composites. 1 ppm 2 ppm 4 ppm 6 ppm 10 ppm 15 ppm and 20 ppm concentrations of methylene blue were serially prepared from stock solution and 0.05 g of photocatalyst was added to 20 ml of methylene blue solution 0.05 g: 20 ml of each of the concentrations. At an ambient temperature and pH of 7 the mixtures were irradiated with UV light of 19 W and degradation was monitored spectrophotomerically at different time interval of 0.5 1 2345 hours using UV spectrophotometer to measure the absorbance value intermittently. Various characterization techniques such Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR x-ray diffraction XRD scanning electron microscopy SEM BrunauerEmmetTeller BET and GC-MS were carried out. Thus, the photo-catalytic degradation efficiency of methylene blue solution at ambient temperature and pH 7 in the presence UV light was in the order ZnOcellulose composite ZnO Cellulose. This showcased that the composite was best catalyst as maximum decolorizing efficiency occurred in less than 120 min with 50 mg20 ml of ZnO catalyst dose for 20 ppm of the methylene blue solution. The GC MS result has been used to propose a tentative mechanism for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and it also confirm that the methylene blue degraded into a non-toxic aliphatic hydrocarbon in the presence of ZnOcellulose composite. Keywords: Mineralized, Innocuous, Cellulose, Sugarcane bagasse, Methylene Blue, ZnO cellulose composite, Photo-catalytic degradation, Characterization techniques and spectrophotometrically.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Population Reference Bureau (PRB). World Population Data: With a Special Focus on Human Needs and Sustainable Resources. Washington, DC: PRB; 2016.

World Health Organization (WHO). Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation. Geneva: WHO; 2015.

Robinson T, McMullan G, Marchant R, Nigam P. Remediation of dyes in textile effluent: a critical review on current treatment technologies with a proposed alternative. Bioresour Technol. 2001; 77: 247–255p.

Shiklomanov IA, Rodda JC. World Water Resources at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century. UNESCO. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003, pp. 5–9.

Abu TM, Faisal M, Saquib M, Muneer M. Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of an anthraquinone and a triphenylmethane dye derivative in aqueous suspensions of semiconductor. Dyes Pigm. 2008; 76: 358–365p.

World Health Organization (WHO). Investing in water and sanitation: Increasing access, reducing inequalities. In: UN-Water Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking-Water. GLASS 2014 report. Geneva: WHO; 2014.

Amrane A, Fourcade F, Yahiat S, Elandaloussi K, Brosillon S. Relevance of photocatalysis prior to biological treatment of organic pollutants – selection criteria. J Chem Eng Technol. 2012; 35(2): 238–246p.

Stylidi M, Kondarides DI, Verykios XE. Pathways of solar light-induced photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes in aqueous TiO2 suspensions. Appl Catal B. 2003; 40: 271–286p.

Sivakumar P, Lavanya R, Priya MV, Kumar VB, Sivakumar P. Synthesis of MgO/Ag nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic activity against textile dye. J Chem Pharm Sci. 2014; 4: 119–120p. National Conference on Green Engineering and Technologies for Sustainable Future-2014.

Azizi S, Ahmad M, Mahdavi M, Abdlomahammadi S. Preparation, characterization and antimicrobial activities of ZnO nanoparticles/cellulose nanocrystals nanocomposites. BioResource. 2013; 8(2): 1941–1951p.

Ul-Islam M, Khattak WA, Ullah MW, Khan S, Park JK. Synthesis of regenerated bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposite films for biomedical applications. Cellulose. 2014; 21: 433–447p. DOI 10.1007/s10570-013-0109-y.

Frone AN, Panaitescu DM, Donescu D. Some aspects concerning the isolation of cellulose micro- and nano-fibers. Sci Bull. 2011; 73(2): 133–153p.

NurainJohar N, Ahmad I, Dufresnec A. Extraction, preparation and characterization of cellulose fibres and nanocrystals from rice husk. Ind Crops Prod. 2012; 37: 93–99p.

Gupta P, Samant K, Sahu A. Isolation of cellulose-degrading bacteria and determination of their cellulolytic potential. Int J Microbiol. 2012; 2012: 1–5p.

Suna JX, Suna XF, Zhaoa H, Sunb RC. Isolation and characterization of cellulose from sugarcane bagasse. Polym Degrad Stab. 2004; 84: 331–339p.

Khan MM, Ansari SA, Pradhan D, Ansari MO, Han DH, Lee J, Cho MH. Band gap engineered TiO2 nanoparticles for visible light induced photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic studies. J Mater Chem. 2014; 2: 637−644p.

Brites FF, Santana VS, Fernandes-Machado NRC. Effect of support on the photocatalytic degradation of textile effluents using Nb2O5 and ZnO: photocatalytic degradation of textile dye. Top Catal. 2011; 54: 264–269p.

Saravanan R, Khan MM, Gupta VK, Mosquera E, Gracia F, Narayanan V, Stephen A. ZnO/Ag/CdO nanocomposite for visible light-induced photocatalytic degradation of industrial textile effluents. J Coll Interface Sci. 2015; 452: 1–26p.

Tayade RJ, Natarajan TS, Bajaj HC. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye using ultraviolet light emitting diodes. J Ind Eng Res. 2009; 48: 10262–10267p.

Mohabansi NP, Patil VB, Yenkie N. A comparative study on photo degradation of methylene blue dye effluent by advanced oxidation process by using TiO2/ZnO photocatalyst. Rasāyan J Chem. 2011; 4(4): 814–819p.

Sahoo C, Gupta AK, Pillai IMS. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution using silver ion-doped TiO2 and its application to the degradation of real textile wastewater. J Environ Sci Health A. 2012; 47(10): 1428–1438p.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.