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Fluoride Distribution and Related Health Problems

Chhavi Jain

Abstract


Fluoride is one of the very few chemicals that cause significant effects in people depending upon their concentration. Although present naturally in soil, water and air, fluoride consumption occurs largely through water. Fluoride intake at low concentration is known to cause beneficial effects on teeth, however at high concentrations; it may give rise to a number of adverse effects. These range from mild dental fluorosis to crippling skeletal fluorosis as the level and period of exposure increases. Several National and International authorities have set Standards for the maximum limit of fluoride that can be present in water suitable for drinking and other domestic usage. Defluoridation is sometimes done, where the fluoride level exceeds the recommended limits. However, due to unavailability of efficient defluoridation-based water treatment technologies, the recommended values have been difficult to achieve. This review brings an insight into the various health problems associated with excess consumption of fluoride.

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References


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