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Examination of Oil Extraction using Hexane and Ethanol: A Case Study of Coconut

C. P. Ukpaka

Abstract


The research was aimed to comparatively study the effects of solvent extractions on three different
species of coconut using developed model equations of extraction and experiment conducted. The main
objective was comparison of experimental results in terms of yields on the performance of solvents
(hexane and ethanol) on the various species of coconut. The research was useful for communities in the
West African countries that are significantly dependent on financial gain from agrarian enterprise. The
study was focused on comparative performance evaluation of ethanol and hexane solvents on oil
recovery from three different species of coconut (tall, dwarf and hybrid). Chemical/Petrochemical
Engineering Laboratory, Rivers State University was used to carry out the experiment on the extraction
of oil from the different species of coconuts using hexane and ethanol solvents and compare the
adsorption-ability of the solvents on the coconut species. The effective extraction power was compared
based on the quality and efficiency of oil extracted using equal volume of the respective solvent. The
parameters monitored for this process were: the results generated from the experiment indicated that
the extractive power of ethanol was the best to extract oil from coconut meal when compared to that of
hexane. Again solvent concentration has more effect on increasing oil extraction yield compared to
extraction time and extraction temperature. Dwarf coconut species gave more oil than tall and hybrid
coconuts species with the organic solvents on the different factors affecting adsorption process of oil
from the coconuts species in terms of selectivity, reliability and economics of the process. Also, looking
at the result quantitatively and not economically, hybrid coconut species gave high yield of the oil with
hexane solvent, then tall and dwarf coconut species respectively. However, the economics of the process
was very important in that of the Engineering advantage it posed the entire plant in case the process
will be transformed to industrial level. This makes us to consider ethanol as the best solvent and dwarf
coconut species as the best raw material for oil yield since the process will be cheap and more reliable
than the latter process mentioned.
Keywords: Comparative, study, oil extraction, coconut, ethanol, hexane.


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