Open Access
Subscription or Fee Access
Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Studies of Ni(II) and Cu(II) Schiff Base Complexes
Abstract
Solvent-assisted mechanochemical reaction was used to synthesize new transition metal complexes of Ni(II) and Cu(II) with Schiff base ligand (H2L) obtained from condensation of 2-hydroxy-1- napthaldehyde with 2 aminobenzimidazole. Melting point/decomposition temperature, solubility test, FT-IR, powder x-ray analysis, conductivity measurement, magnetic susceptibility, elemental microanalysis, and UV/VIS spectral investigations were used to characterize the Schiff base and complexes. The complexes are of varied colours and have sharp melting points, and they were formed in moderate yields. Elemental analysis was used to determine the purity and composition of the Schiff base and metal(II) complexes, revealing a metal: Ligand ratio of 1:2. According to the FT-IR spectra, the complexes were found to be coordinated by the Schiff base's azomethine nitrogen and phenolic oxygen. The appearance of additional bands at 1581 and 1609 cm-1 due to the respective v(M-N) and
v(M-O) in the metal complexes provided further conclusive proof of the Schiff base's coordination with the metal ions. According to the power x-ray diffraction analysis, the patterns of the grinded mixture were distinct from the initial constituents, showing that the starting materials were changed into product. Every one of the complexes get a square planar structure, as per magnetic susceptibility tests. Molar conductance measurements revealed that the complexes are non-electrolytes. Complexes are soluble in polar solvents such as DMF and ethanol. Bacterial species such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as fungal species such as Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus, were used to evaluate the complexes' antibacterial properties. At varied concentrations, certain complexes demonstrated good activity against the tested organism.
References
James, S.L., Adams, C.J., Bolm, C., Braga, D., Collier, P., Friščić, T., Grepioni, F., Harris, K.D., Hyett, G., and Jones, W. Mechanochemistry: opportunities for new and cleaner synthesis. Chemical Society Reviews 2012, 41, 413–447.
Takacs, L. The mechanochemical reduction of AgCl with metals. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 2007, 90, 81–84.
Bowmaker, G.A., Chaichit, N., Pakawatchai, C., Skelton, B.W., and White, A.H. Solvent-assisted mechanochemical synthesis of metal complexes. Dalton Transactions 2008, 2926–2928.
Friščić, T., Trask, A.V., Jones, W., and Motherwell, W.S. Screening for inclusion compounds and systematic construction of three-component solids by liquid-assisted grinding. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2006, 45, 7546–7550.
Shan, N., Toda, F., and Jones, W. Mechanochemistry and co-crystal formation: effect of solvent on reaction kinetics. Chemical Communications 2002, 2372–2373.
Emara, A.A. Structural, spectral and biological studies of binuclear tetradentate metal complexes of N3O Schiff base ligand synthesized from 4, 6-diacetylresorcinol and diethylenetriamine. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 2010, 77, 117–125.
Collinson, S.R. and Fenton, D.E. Metal complexes of bibracchial Schiff base macrocycles. Coordination chemistry reviews 1996, 148, 19–40.
Sakıyan, I., Logoglu, E., Arslan, S., Sari, N., and Şakiyan, N. Antimicrobial activities of N-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthalidene)-amino acid (glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, histidine, tryptophane) Schiff bases and their manganese (III) complexes. Biometals 2004, 17, 115–120.
Gopalakrishnan, M., Sureshkumar, P., Kanagarajan, V., and Thanusu, J. New environmentally-friendly solvent-free synthesis of imines using calcium oxide under microwave irradiation. Research on Chemical Intermediates 2007, 33, 541–548.
Cinčić, D. and Kaitner, B. Schiff base derived from 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde and liquid-assisted mechanochemical synthesis of its isostructural Cu (II) and Co (II) complexes. CrystEngComm 2011, 13, 4351–4357.
Yusha’u, M. and Sadisu, F. U. Inhibition activity of detarium microcarpum extracts on some clinical bacterial isolates. Biological and Environmental Science Journal for the tropics 2011, 8, 113–117.
Nejo, A.A., Kolawole, G.A., and Nejo, A.O. Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial, and thermal studies of unsymmetrical Schiff-base complexes of cobalt (II). Journal of coordination chemistry 2010, 63, 4398–4410.
Shaker, S.A., Aziz, Y.F.A., and Salleh, A.A. Synthesis and Characterization of Mixed Ligand Complexes of 8-Hydroxyquinoline and o-hydroxybenzylidene-1-phenyl-2, 3-dimethyl-4-amino-3-pyrazolin-5-on with Fe (II), Co (II), Ni (II) and Cu (II) ions. European journal of scientific research 2009, 33, 702–709.
Kalia, S.B., Lumba, K., Kaushal, G., and Sharma, M. Magnetic and spectral studies on cobalt (II) chelates of a dithiocarbazate derived from isoniazid. 2007
Siraj, I.T. and Kurawa, M.A. Green Synthesis of Nickel (II) and Zinc (II) Complexes of Bis (Imine) Schiff base Derived from o-vanilline and m-phenylenediamine. International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions 2020, 6, 31–43.
Carabineiro, S.A., Silva, L.C., Gomes, P.T., Pereira, L.C., Veiros, L.F., Pascu, S.I., Duarte, M.T., Namorado, S., and Henriques, R.T. Synthesis and characterization of tetrahedral and square planar bis (iminopyrrolyl) complexes of cobalt (II). Inorganic chemistry 2007, 46, 6880–6890.
Fitzgerald, R.J. and Brubaker, G.R. Contact shift studies of the square-planar complex bis (dithioacetylacetonato) cobalt (II). Inorganic Chemistry 1969, 8, 2265–2267.
Tas, E., Aslanoglu, M., Kilic, A., and Kara, Z. Synthesis, spectroscopic and electrochemical studies of copper (II) and cobalt (II) complexes of three unsymmetrical vic-dioximes ligands. Journal of Coordination Chemistry 2006, 59, 861–872.
Zaky, R. and Fekri, A. Solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis of Zn (II), Cd (II), and Cu (II) complexes with 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(2-(1-(pyridin-2-yl) ethylidene) hydrazinyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile. Green Processing and Synthesis 2018, 7, 515–523.
Jayanthi, K., Meena, R.P., Chithra, K., Kannan, S., Shanthi, W., Saravanan, R., Suresh, M., and Satheesh, D. Synthesis And Microbial Evaluation of Copper (II) Complexes of Schiff Base Ligand Derived From 3-Methoxysalicylaldehyde With Semicarbazide and Thiosemicarbazide. J Pharm Chem Bio Sci 2017, 5, 205–215.
Cindrić, M., Uzelac, M., Cinčić, D., Halasz, I., Pavlović, G., Hrenar, T., Ćurić, M., and Kovačević, D. Three routes to nickel (II) salicylaldehyde 4-phenyl and 4-methylthiosemicarbazonato complexes: mechanochemical, electrochemical and conventional approach. CrystEngComm 2012, 14, 3039–3045.
Kubaisi, A.A. and Ismail, K.Z. Nickel (II) and palladium (II) chelates of dehydroacetic acid Schiff bases derived from thiosemicarbazide and hydrazinecarbodithioate. Canadian journal of chemistry 1994, 72, 1785–1788.
Joseyphus, R.S., Dhanaraj, C.J., and Nair, M.S. Synthesis and characterization of some Schiff base transition metal complexes derived from vanillin and L (+) alanine. Transition metal chemistry 2006, 31, 699–702.
Nakamoto, K. Infrared and R aman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds. Handbook of Vibrational Spectroscopy 2006
Zhong, W., Zhong, G.Q., Zhang, Y., and Zhong, Q. In Solvent-Free Synthesis and Characterization of the Zn (II) Complexes with Amino Acid Schiff Base, Trans Tech Publ: 2012.
Etaiw, S.E.H., El-Aziz, D.M.A., El-Zaher, E.H.A., and Ali, E.A. Synthesis, spectral, antimicrobial and antitumor assessment of Schiff base derived from 2-aminobenzothiazole and its transition metal complexes. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 2011, 79, 1331–1337.
Stilinović, V., Cinčić, D., Zbačnik, M., and Kaitner, B. Controlling solvate formation of a Schiff base by combining mechano-chemistry with solution synthesis. Croatica Chemica Acta 2012, 85, 485–493.
Bhowon, M.G., Wah, H.L.K., and Narain, R. Schiff base complexes of ruthenium (II) and their use as catalytic oxidants. Polyhedron 1998, 18, 341–345.
Tigineh, G.T. and Liu, L.-K. Studies on Mechanochemistry: Solid Coordination Compounds from Primary Aromatic Amines and Cobalt (II) Chloride Hexahydrate. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 2014, 61, 1180–1187.
Aiyelabola, T.O., Ojo, I.A., Adebajo, A.C., Ogunlusi, G.O., Oyetunji, O., Akinkunmi, E.O., and Adeoye, A.O. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activities of some metal (II) amino acids’ complexes. Advances in Biological Chemistry 2012, 2, 268.
Nishat, N., Hasnain, S., Ahmad, T., and Parveen, A. Synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of new polyester containing Schiff base metal complexes. Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 2011, 105, 969–979.
Chakravarty, R. and Banerjee, P.C. Mechanism of cadmium binding on the cell wall of an acidophilic bacterium. Bioresource technology 2012, 108, 176–183.
Wang, F., Yao, J., Si, Y., Chen, H., Russel, M., Chen, K., Qian, Y., Zaray, G., and Bramanti, E. Short-time effect of heavy metals upon microbial community activity. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2010, 173, 510–516.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.