Biotechnological Advancements on Lignin Valorization for Value-added Products

Abstract

The cellulose and lignin represent the first and second most abundant sources of organic carbon on Earth. Lignocellulose is the other resource for fuels and chemicals. Lignin is the most aromatic compound on Earth and its valorization process are still underdeveloped. The most common methods for converting lignin into chemicals and fuels are depolymerization and fragmentation. Because of lignin's structural variability, depolymerization and fragmentation result in various of separation and purification stages to achieve the desired products. Lignin is an aromatic compound found in plants, in many biological fields. When biofuel is produced from lignocellulosic biomass. The studies focused on fungal systems, as extracellular peroxidase and the laccase from white rot fungi and brown rot fungi but the recent reports have suggested that bacteria play an important role in breaking down of lignin. Several reports on bacterial that can degrade lignin and their by-products are included. Cellulolytic anaerobic bacterium capable of solubilization of lignin and carbohydrate has recently identified. The lignin molecules and their conversion to renewable chemicals by bacteria and including genetic modification to enhance their capability. Indirect use of bacteria for lignin degradation for whole-cell biosensors designed to detect the aromatic chemicals released from lignin transformation.