Macro-compounds and Macro-cycles with Their Applications

Abstract

Macro-compounds represent an ancient class of compounds that enter into coordination chemistry as a ligands such as (crown ethers, aza, thia and others), or in the field of organic chemistry through large cyclic compounds such as porphyrins, vitamins and others, where corona ethers are strongly linked with specific cations forming coordination complexes, In which the oxygen atoms occupy positions suitable for coordination with a cation located inside the ring, and in which the hydrophobic (hydrophobic) carbon structure forms the outer framework of the complex. Cations usually have good solubility in solvents of non-polarity, so crown ethers are of interest in phase transition catalysts. The type of cation bound to the coronal ether depends on the size of the ring, as there is often a proportion between the size of the cavity inside the ring and the diameter of the cation. For example, (Tag-6 ether) has a high affinity for potassium cations, (Tag-5 ether 15) has an affinity for sodium cations, and (Tag- 4 ether) has a high affinity for lithium cations., Examples of biological macromolecules include biopolymers (such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids) and synthetic polymers (plastics, synthetic fibers, and rubber).