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Analytical Development of Electrochemical Biosensors for Real-Time Monitoring of Environmental Contaminants

Neha Sahu, Rizwan Arif

Abstract


The increasing awareness of environmental pollution has necessitated the development of efficient monitoring systems for the detection and quantification of contaminants. Electrochemical biosensors have emerged as powerful tools due to their high sensitivity, rapid response, and cost-effectiveness. This paper reviews recent advancements in the development of electrochemical biosensors specifically designed for real-time monitoring of environmental contaminants. The design and fabrication of electrochemical biosensors involve the integration of biological recognition elements (such as enzymes, antibodies, or DNA) with electrochemical transducers. These transducers convert the biochemical signals resulting from the interaction between the analyte and the biological recognition element into measurable electrical signals. Various strategies have been explored to enhance the sensitivity, selectivity, and stability of electrochemical biosensors for environmental monitoring applications. Key considerations in the development of electrochemical biosensors include the choice of recognition element, the immobilization method, and the optimization of the sensor's analytical performance. Recent research has focused on the use of nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and metal nanoparticles, to improve the performance of electrochemical biosensors by increasing the surface area, enhancing electron transfer kinetics, and providing biocompatible interfaces. Furthermore, the integration of miniaturized electronics and wireless communication technologies has enabled the development of portable and autonomous electrochemical biosensor systems for on-site monitoring of environmental contaminants. These systems offer real-time data acquisition and transmission capabilities, allowing for rapid detection and response to environmental hazards. Case studies highlighting the application of electrochemical biosensors for the detection of various environmental contaminants, including heavy metals, pesticides, and organic pollutants, are presented. The performance of these biosensors in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and detection limits is discussed, along with their potential challenges and prospects.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37628/jaac.v9i2.1450

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