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Iron Pillared Clay for Sorption of Toluene in Aqueous Solution: Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies

Emole, P. O, Kelechi Emmanuel Onwuka, Emeruwa, C. N.

Abstract


The adsorption of toluene using unmodified and Fe-pillared clay were investigated in this study using UV/Visible, FT-IR spectroscopic measurements and batch adsorption process. The framework vibration of the clay before and after pillaring were determined using FTIR spectra. Effect of Contact time and initial and various concentration of toluene at constant temperature were investigated. The experimental data were studied using equilibrium isotherm (Langmuir and Freundlich) and kinetics models (pseudo first order, pseudo second order and intra-particle). Maximum adsorption capacities of 3.979 mg/g and 2.500 mg/g were obtained for Fe-PILC and UPILC respectively. The adsorption process of toluene onto Fe-PILC and UPILC were favoured by Langmuir (R2 values of 0.968 and 0.994) and Freundlich models (R2 values of 0.971 and 0.989) with respect to their Correlation. The Pseudo-second order kinetics fitted best for the experimental data for adsorption of toluene onto Fe-PILC and UPILC. The percentage removal of toluene using Fe-PILC and UPILC were 82.04% and 52.37% respectively at equilibrium time of 120 mins. The pillaring of clay with Fe(NO3)3 to form an iron oxide pillared bentonite increased the basal spacing of clay thus creating more adsorption sites for the pillared clay and also increased the thermal stability of the clay. This study has shown that Fe-pillared Bentonite clay mineral have a high adsorption capacity as well as high potentials as an effective adsorbent for the removal of toluene from petrochemical waste water. Key words: Toluene, Fe-pillared clay, Unmodified clay, Pseudo first order kinetics, Pseudo second order kinetics, Intra particle diffusion and Adsorption isotherm

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