Excessive Application of Synthetic Fertilizers and their Adverse Impact on the Productivity of Soil

Abstract

In the present scenario of agriculture, the chemical fertilizers are the essential part of growing any kind of crop. They macro and micro nutrients play a vital role in the production of crop and can be increased but plant growth do not attain developed roots and do not attain maturity. The excessive use of fertilizers is very dangerous and enter the water, air and soil. The toxic substances absorbed by plants passes to human body. The toxicity starts from the manufacturing process through products and by products containing harmful components. The release of gases like NH3, CO2, and CH4 etc. produce adverse effects on the environment and ecosystem. The manufacturing units discharge their waste in the nearby water system lakes, ponds and water bodies and causes water pollution. The regular use of fertilizers is continuously deteriorating the quality of soil and producing excessive growth of aquatic plants and causes dumping of decayed plants and depth goes on decreasing day by day, called eutrophication. The adverse effects of chemical fertilizers can be reduced by applying new agricultural techniques and use of bio-fertilizers for healthy crop free from any king of toxicity of metals in vegetables, and fruits etc. The chemical fertilizers directly harm the environment and ecosystem. It covers Water pollution, soil pollution and air pollution