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Constructed Wetlands for Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment: A Review
Abstract
With the rising water pollution and ongoing COVID crisis, the treatment and disposal of pharmaceutical wastewater requires an all time high attention. Constructed Wetlands are nature based, simple, cost effective solution for wastewater treatment. Use of Constructed wetlands for treating pharmaceuticals wastewater has shown promising results and can be used to treat many different types of pharmaceuticals. The research on pharmaceuticals wastewater treatment by constructed wetland is a hot topic and lot many avenues are still unexplored. This article aims to give reader a holistic understanding of constructed wetlands for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. All essential knowledge, selection of wetland type, appropriate plants, substrate etc. have been dealt with. Further relevant cleansing mechanism, role of microorganism, macrophytes, design parameters have been dealt with. Optimizing treatment via understanding and modifying plants, substrate and microbial dynamics have been discussed. The article also talks about novel optimization approaches and unexplored / less explored areas for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. This article may help reader to identify issues, research trends and his research interest. This article may also be useful for pharmacies / consultancies to select best wetland design, components and practices to remove required pharmaceutical compound present in wastewater.
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