Powdered Activated Carbon Catalyst Treatment of Water

Abstract

Wood, coal, coconut shells, peat, and activated carbon are all possible sources. The material is heated until it turns carbonised, at which point it is heated to a maximum temperature and given oxygenation in the type of steam or a spray of air. Phosphoric acid is occasionally used for chemical activation. Then, it is processed into a powdered or granular form. With its fine capillary structure and very large surface area per unit volume, it is a comparatively pure form of carbon. Prior to sand filtration, powdered activated carbon (PAC) could be applied during the settlement phase, chemicals add, or even before coagulation. In the former, it is taken out of the water while it is being coagulated, while in the later, it is taken out of the water during filtration. PAC takes the form of particles, as its title suggests, and its usual size of the particles ranges from 10 to 100μm. One benefit of using PAC is that problems may be solved quickly, and it can be stopped when it is not longer to required. This can be a huge economic advantage for issues like algal toxins or flavors and odours that may only seldom occur.
An aerobic or anaerobic treatment system is supplemented with powdered activated carbon in the powdered activated carbon treatment (PACT) method for treating contaminated water. The biological treatment procedure uses carbon to adsorb refractory substances that are difficult to biodegrade, lowering the wastewater's need for chemical oxygen and eliminating contaminants. The carbon additionally functions like a "buffer" against with the negative effects of harmful organics in wastewater.