Review of Fixed-Film Systems (FFS) as Biological Treatment Method

Abstract

Two groups biofilm and biofilm reactors were used to categorise the technical articles published in 2019 that dealt with treating wastewater and microbial films. Extracellular polymeric compounds, microbial signals, biofilm membrane bioreactors, and biofilm communities are all included in the biofilm category. Current data on rotational biologic contactors, fluidised bed biofilm fermenter, integration refers sludge, movable biofilm reactors, packed-bed biofilm plant designs, sequenced biofilm batches reactor designs, and trickle filters can be located in the area of "biofilm reactors." A fixed-film system, also known as an attached-growth system, is a biological treatment of wastewater method that makes use of an inert carrier, like stone, polymer, hardwood, or another type of solid material that will sustain connected development of biomass on its top and inside its porous structure. Water from waste is either pumped through the media in packed towers where it comes into touch with the film containing the active fixed biomass, or the medium is gone past the sewage to be cleaned. In comparison to simple suspension growth systems, the permanent biomass includes aerobic, anaerobic, and anoxic zones and lengthens the Solids Retention Time to improve nitrification.  Additionally, due to the retention of a significant amount of nitrifiers on the fixed-film, system nitrification is recovered more quickly.