Analyzing the Literature on the Use of Waste Products in Concrete in Substantial Depth

Abstract

In this study, the literature on the use of manufactured fine aggregate in Portland cement concrete in place of natural sand is reviewed. It also discusses current and future trends in this field of research. There is a pressing demand for a product that mimics the qualities of natural sand in concrete given that natural sand supplies throughout the world are depleting. Over the past 20 years, it has been clear that there is less good natural sand accessible. It appears to be a global trend, with a few local exceptions. Natural sand reserves that already exist are being depleted at the same rate as urbanization, and new resources are either underground, too close to populated areas, or too far from where it is needed, that, the towns and cities where concrete producers are situated. Unrestrained mining of natural sand is also causing environmental concerns. The main points of contention are the need to prevent erosion of riverbeds and the value of having natural sand as a groundwater filter. Most local government agencies around the world consider the aforementioned considerations, as well as those of biodiversity preservation, aesthetic value, and recreational value, when deciding whether to grant license to aggregate producers. The current state of the construction sector is as described, and most people agree that little will change significantly in the near future. Natural sand and gravel are being replaced in the majority of countries by crushed aggregate, bottom ash, foundry sand, and comparable by-products. The use of natural sand in place of other materials is highlighted in this article because it will provide concrete mix designs new dimensions and, if widely used, will change the building industry by lowering construction costs and allowing us to preserve natural resources.